Blockchain Trilemma vs Layer 1 Blockchain (L1)

The Blockchain Trilemma describes the fundamental challenge that blockchain networks can only optimize two of three critical properties simultaneously: decentralization, security, and scalability. This technical constraint forces every blockchain project to make strategic trade-offs that define its capabilities and limitations.

A Layer 1 blockchain is the base-level network that independently processes, validates, and records transactions using its own consensus mechanism and native security.