Hash Function vs SHA-256

A hash function is a mathematical algorithm that converts any input data of any size into a fixed-length output called a hash, creating a unique digital fingerprint that changes completely if even one character of the input changes.

SHA-256 (Secure Hash Algorithm 256-bit) is the specific cryptographic hash function used by Bitcoin that converts any input data into a fixed 64-character hexadecimal output, providing the mathematical foundation for Bitcoin's security and mining process.